So, the first step is to note the balance on your principal as of December, say it is $100,000.
Next, you need to find out your monthly rate of interest, and to do so divide the annual interest rate by 12. Say your interest rate is 3.6% (I am using a number that is easily divisible by 12, but rates are in that range right now!), then you would get 0.3%.
The interest is then the product of the balance and the interest rate, which in this case is $100,000*0.3/100 = $300.00
The remaining portion of your monthly mortgage payment pays down the principal, and also the escrows.